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Setting up the Substructure

Equipment is unloaded and positioned at or near the exact location that it will occupy during operations.

The substructure is assembled, pinned together, leveled, and made ready for other rig components on the floor.

Equipping the cellar begins but can be done throughout the rigging up process. This includes welding on a drilling nipple to the conductor pipe and attaching a flow line.

Potential Hazards:

• being struck by the crane, load, truck, or forklift tipping
• pinched fingers when assembling equipment
• burns from cutting and welding on the drilling nipple
• temporary eye irritation from welding light flash
• falling from heights

Possible Solutions:

• Instruct all workers in safety procedures and ensure that they are knowledgeable about job hazards. This can be done during pre-job safety meetings or JSA briefings.
• Instruct workers to stand clear and keep hands and other body parts away from pinch points
• Wear proper long sleeve clothing to protect from burns.
• Wear proper welding eye/face protection.
• Avoid looking directly at the flame or arc when welding.
• Wear fall protection when working from heights. 

 

Setting Up the Rig Floor and Mast or Derrick

Once the substructure is set in place, the process of setting up the rig floor begins. Begin by installing stairways and guardrails to allow access to the rig floor. Then, the drawworks is set in place and secured to the substructure. On mechanical rigs, the engines are set in place; the compound and associated equipment are connected to the drawworks. On electric rigs, the electric cables (lines) are strung to the drawworks.

The bottom of the mast is then raised to the rig floor and pinned in place. The crown section is then raised into place on the derrick stand. The “A-legs” are raised and pinned into place. The monkeyboard is pinned in place on the mast and all lines and cables are laid out to prevent tangling when the mast is raised. A thorough inspection of the mast should be made before raising the mast/derrick.

The mast is now ready to be raised. The engines are started, and the drilling line is spooled onto the drawworks drum. Once the mast has been raised and pinned, the remaining floor equipment can be set into place. If the rig has safety guylines, they must be attached to the anchors and properly tensioned prior to continuing the rigging up process. A derrick emergency escape device is installed on the mast.

 

Setting Up the Rig Floor and Mast or Derrick (Continued)

Potential Hazards:

• falling or tripping during rigging up
• falling from rig floor
• being struck by swinging equipment
• being struck by falling tools
• being crushed or struck by equipment due to failure or overloading of hoisting equipment
• getting entangled in lines during raising of the derrick or mast
• failure to properly install derrick emergency escape device

Possible Solutions:

• Install, inspect, and secure stairs and handrails.
• Do not use guardrails for anchor points or for lifting or supporting loads.
• Use fall protection when installing or removing guardrails.
• Use a tag line to guide equipment, rather than positioning yourself under suspended loads.
• Check the derrick for unsecured tools before raising it.
• Allow only the operator raising the mast to be on the rig floor.
• Uncoil all lines so that they are clear of all workers when the mast or derrick is raised.
• Attach safety lines to all tools hanging from the rig.
• Keep a safe distance from moving equipment.
• Install derrick emergency escape device properly in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.

source: OSHAcademy

 

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3. Environment:
   • This area includes facility design, hazardous atmospheres, temperature, noise, factors that cause stress, etc. Are there areas in your workplace that are too hot, cold, dusty, dirty, messy, wet, etc. Is it too noisy, or are dangerous gases, vapors, liquids, fumes, etc., present? Do you see short people working at workstations designed for tall people? Such factors all contribute to an unsafe environment.
4. People:
   • This area includes unsafe employee behaviors at all levels in the organization such as taking short cuts, not using personal protective equipment, and otherwise ignoring safety rules.
5. System:
   • Every company has, to some degree, a safety and health management system (SHMS). It’s good to think of the “state” of the SHMS as a condition. For instance, management may develop and implement ineffective policies, procedures and safety rules. I consider a flawed SHMS as a systemic hazardous condition because it could increase the number accidents. If the condition of the SHMS is flawed, it may also result in manager and supervisor behaviors such as ignoring safe behaviors or by directing unsafe work practices that will contribute to accidents in the workplace.

To remember the five hazard areas, just remember the acronym:

MEEPS = Materials, Equipment,  Environment, People, and System.

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Proactive Recognition Programs That Work

There are many safety incentive programs: some work and some don’t. Here’s a short list of proven successful safety incentive programs that you can implement in your company:

• Safety Bucks: Supervisors carry safety bucks, and when they see someone doing something right, they reward them. The employee can take the safety buck to the company cafeteria for lunch, or they can use it at a local participating store to purchase items.
• Bonus Programs: When an employee identifies a hazard in the workplace that could cause serious physical harm or a fatality, they are rewarded with a bonus check. In some cases the bonus check is a fixed amount. In other programs the bonus check is a small percentage of the potential direct cost for the accident that might have occurred.
• Safety Heros: After an extended period of time, employees are rewarded with a certificate or bonus check for complying with company safety rules.
• Reporting hazards, incidents and injuries: Wait a minute: do I mean that employees should be recognized for reporting injuries? That’s right. If employees report injuries immediately, they not only minimize the physical/psychological impact of the injury on themselves, they reduce the direct/indirect accident costs to the company. Both the individual and the company win if the employee reports injuries immediately.

These are just a sample of many ideas available. There are many other ways to recognize employees being used by companies across the country. Your recognition programs will also be more successful if you include safety achievements in employee performance appraisals. 

Reactive vs. Proactive Safety Strategies

Don’t Just React to Safety

It’s sad but true – some companies have adopted an approach to safety and health that emphasizes a reactive strategy. A reactive approach assumes that accidents just happen, and there’s not much that can be done about it. Consequently, the company places most of its effort into reacting to accidents after they occur. A reactive response occurs after an injury or illness and usually has the purpose of minimizing the costs associated with the injury or illness.

Reactive safety programs always cost much more than proactive programs: Always. Why? Because they aren’t implemented until an injury or illness has occurred. When management emphasizes a reactive approach to safety and health, it sends some negative messages to employees:

• we don’t care about you, and
• it’s all about money, not your safety.

Be business smart…be proactive

Successful companies adopt a proactive strategy that emphasizes prevention. They will do whatever it takes to make sure accidents never happen in the workplace. They believe there are no excuses for an accident. A proactive response to safety and health in the workplace occurs before an accident has occurred. It anticipates and tries to prevent accidents.

By emphasizing accident prevention, management sends positive messages to employees:

• we care about you, and
• your safety is more important than profits

Proactive safety strategies are always less expensive than reactive strategies because the company makes investments that result in potentially huge returns. Remember, proactive programs are implemented to prevent future injuries and illnesses.

sumber: modul Course 700 – Introduction to Safety Management OSHAcademy